Volume 7 - 2017 - Issue 3


1. Wheat flour, an inexpensive medium for in vitro cultivation of coprophilous fungus Coprinopsis cinerea

Authors: Mohankumar S and Savitha J

Recieved: 27 February 2017, Accepted: 09 March 2017, Published: 20 July 2017

Coprinopsis cinerea, a coprophilous basidiomycetous fungus generally called as inky cap mushroom is used as a model organism to study the evolution of fruiting bodies in higher fungi. Herbivorous animal dung is a major source of Coprinopsis cinerea, as it contains high carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus elements. Due to the extensive application of Coprinopsis cinerea in Genetics, Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology it is necessary to explore a suitable inexpensive medium for its in vitro cultivation. In our present study, we found that 2% wheat flour medium supported the vegetative growth and induced the fruiting body formation within 10 days at 30ºC, pH 6 under dark compared to malt extract amended media. The number of fruiting bodies and biomass of fruiting bodies were also found higher in wheat flour medium compared to other media tested with similar cultural conditions

Keywords: Basidiomycetes – Biomass – Fruiting body – Growth – Herbivores – dung – Inky cap

 

2. Glomus herrerae, a new sporocarpic species of Glomeromycetes from Cuba

Authors: Torres-Arias Y, Furrazola E, Berbara RLL, Jobim K, Lima JLR and Goto BT

Recieved: 31 May 2017, Accepted: 12 June 2017, Published: 18 August 2017

A new species forming glomoid spores in large sporocarps (500–900 × 780–1500 µm), two spore wall layers, being swl1 thin (0,3–0,8 µm), semi-persistent and hyaline to light yellow; swl2 thick (12–30 µm), laminated, orange brown to dark red brown was found in semi-natural ecosystems in Cuba and is herein described as Glomus herrerae.

Keywords: Glomerales – morphology – rain forest – taxonomy

 

3. Six new records of genus Amanita (Amanitaceae) from Uttarakhand, India

Authors: Bhatt RP, Mehmood T, Uniyal P and Singh U

Recieved: 12 May 2017, Accepted: 27 August 2017, Published: 26 September 2017

Macrofungi belong to genus Amanita was collected during a fungal foray in temperate to subalpine forests in Uttarakhand Himalaya in monsoon period of 2014−2016. Through critical macro- and microscopical examination of these samples, six species were identified as new records to India. Amanita caesaroides (sect. Caesareae), Amanita griseofolia (sect. Vaginatae), Amanita orientifulva (sect. Vaginatae), Amanita pallidorosea (sect. Phalloideae), Amanita parvipantherina (sect. Amanita) and Amanita princeps (sect. Caesareae) are described here with detailed descriptions and illustrations. All these species were found in mycorrhizal association with different host trees, conifers as well as angiosperms. Apart from this, Amanita princeps is found as an edible species in various countries, in addition to this species, Amanita caesaroides was also reported to be consumed in temperate to subalpine regions of Uttarakhand Himalaya during this study.

Keywords: macrofungi – new additions – taxonomy – Western Himalaya

 

4. A new species of Gloeocantharellus from the Atlantic Forest of Paraíba, Brazil

Authors: Wartchow F, Sá MCA and Coimbra VRM

Recieved: 13 June 2017, Accepted: 20 August 2017, Published: 26 September 2017

A new species of Gloeocantharellus described as new from Brazil: G. substramineus. This species is characterized by the small pale basidiomes, dry pileus, distinctly wrinkled hymenium, basidiospores size, clamp connections at basidia and basidioles, and narrow-hyphoid hymenial cystidia among basidia. Descriptions, discussion, drawings and photography of the basidiomes are providing.

Keywords: Agaricomycetes – Gomphales – Neotropic – taxonomy

 

5. First record of Neolentinus lepideus f. ceratoides (Gloeophyllales, Basidiomycota) in Novosibirsk Region

Authors: Vlasenko VA, Vlasenko AV and Zmitrovich IV

Recieved: 02 August 2017, Accepted: 11 September 2017, Published: 26 September 2017

Deviant form of wood-decaying basidiomycete Neolentinus lepideus was found in western Siberia, the rare sterile form N. lepideus f. ceratoides was found in the Novosibirsk Region. The description and an illustration of taxon is provided. The sterile form does not produce a hymenophore. It is formed under conditions of darkness on wood constructions in caves, grottos, mines, cellars, basements and under the floor. Sterile bodies of the fungus of horn appearance have a clavarioid morphotype. They are coral-like branched, with elongated rounded sprouts extending from the common trunk, which under normal conditions would have given a stipe. The caps with lamellar hymenophore, which would appear on normal fruiting bodies, are completely absent. Monstrose forms in Neolentinus species represents morphological modifications of fruiting bodies, associated with disturbance of normal morphogenesis under dark or shady conditions.

Keywords: morphological variability – monstrose forms – sterile forms – Lentinoid fungi – distribution – ecology

 

6. Micromycete diversity associated with the rhizospheres of plants from different polluted soils of Lahore, Pakistan

Authors: Samina S, Tahreem M, Shabnum S, Farah K, Qudsia F and Muhammad H

Recieved: 21 April 2017, Accepted: 19 July 2017, Published: 26 September 2017

Micromycetes have been beneficial as well as harmful in the history of mankind. Their correct identification is the first step for their use in further research (i.e., utilization in medicine, myco-remediation or biodegradation processes, and various industries). The present study provided a baseline regarding identification and their systematic position of these fungi. During the study, micromycetes were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere of different plants of Lahore city. A total of thirty-three different species belonging to eight genera were isolated, including Alternaria (3 spp.), Aspergillus (13 spp.), Mucor (4 spp.), Penicillium (2 spp.), Trichoderma (4 spp.), Exserohilum, Fusarium and Rhizopus (1 sp. each), along with 4 unidentified species.

Keywords: Biodegradation – Decomposition – Colony – Species

 

7. Isolation of Acrodontium crateriforme as a pitcher trap inquiline

Authors: Prabhugaonkar A and Pratibha J

Recieved: 09 August 2017, Accepted: 06 September 2017, Published: 26 September 2017

Acrodontium crateriforme was isolated from pitcher trap liquid of Nepenthes khasiana in Khasi hills of Meghalaya. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of culture obtained from plating of pitcher trap liquid confirmed the identity of the species. The association of fungus is reported in this manuscript. Pitcher plant trap biota is matter of interest to many biologists, as it is known to trap insects and provide nourishment to plants, but it also provides habitat for numerous species of inquilines ranging from bacteria to vertebrates which survive in pitcher trap liquid. This report of presence of A. crateriforme is important record of fungal association in unique habitat provided by pitcher trap.

Keywords: Anamorphic fungus – Khasi hills – Taxonomy

 

8. Wild edible mushrooms from high elevations in the Garhwal Himalaya—II

Authors: Singh U, Bhatt RP, Stephenson SL, Uniyal P and Mehmood T

Recieved: 04 July 2017, Accepted: 11 September 2017, Published: 28 September 2017

A survey of wild edible mushrooms in the Garhwal Himalaya of northern India resulted in the identification of 21 species from 10 study sites that ranged in elevation from 1500−3500 masl. These 21 species belong to 15 genera and 13 families. Except for Aleuria aurantia and Helvella crispa, which are the members of the ascomycetes, all of the other macrofungi considered herein are basidiomycetes. A brief description of all the species is provided, along with their habit, habitats and associations with higher plants.

Keywords: Ascomycetes – Basidiomycetes – macrofungi – Northern India

 

9. Luminescence of cold extracts from mycelium of luminous basidiomycetes during long–term storage

Authors: Puzyr AP, Medvedeva SE, Artemenko KS and Bondar VS

Recieved: 14 June 2017, Accepted: 20 August 2017, Published: 28 September 2017

Cold extracts with high activities of enzymes of luminescent reaction were prepared from mycelia of luminous fungi Armillaria borealis IBSO 2328, Mycena citricolor IBSO 2331, and Neonothopanus nambi IBSO 2391. The authors describe techniques of preparing cold extracts with high levels of luminescence from mycelial biomass of different species of luminous basidiomycetes. The investigation of cold extracts showed that in experiments with freezing and thawing of the samples as well as in experiments with lyophilization followed by dissolution of the dry samples, the levels of enzyme activity were high, with in vitro luminescence exhibited after addition of NADPH and the hot extract containing the substrate. High activity levels of the enzymes of luminescent reaction were measured in lyophilized cold extracts stored over three years. In lyophilized preparations, the enzymes of luminescent reaction had high thermostability, even when dry preparations of cold extracts were exposed to a temperature of 100°C for 60 minutes. 

Keywords: Armillaria borealis – Mycena citricolor – Neonothopanus nambi – kinetics of luminescence – lyophilic preparations

 

10. Native mycota in agricultural soils exposed to pesticides and Aspergillus oryzae tolerance to chlorpyrifos in microcosms assays

Authors: Carranza CS, Barberis CL, Aluffi ME, Benito N and Magnoli CE

Recieved: 05 April 2017, Accepted: 12 June 2017, Published: 30 September 2017

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) constitutes a class of older and riskier pesticides, with more than 50 years of use. After pesticide application, a low percentage reaches the target and the rest remain in the environment. Due to this, bioremediation strategies are being increasingly studied. The aims of the present study were to determine the competitiveness and the permanence of a non-toxigenic, CPF-degrading A. oryzae (AM 1) strain in agricultural soil microcosms. These microcosms were contaminated with commercial formulation of CPF (10, 20 and 50 mM) and conditioned at two water holding capacity (70 and 30 WHC). In addition, Aspergillus section Flavi counts of soils of three localities of southern Córdoba Province were evaluated, due to these soils were used to prepare the microcosms. In the microcosm’s assays, together with the native mycota, A. oryzae was isolated from all the treatments and conditions assayed. Thus this strain was able to tolerate the different doses of CPF tested. Regarding the native mycota, Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp. and Fusarium sp. were the most frequent genera isolated from the microcosms. The CPF treatments influenced in different ways the counts of the most frequent genera isolated. This study allowed knowing the in situ survival, under optimal and not optimal humidity conditions, of a CPF-degrading fungal strain in presence of the native mycota. These results are very important because the permanence in the environment of a potentially bioremediation agent is one of the main characteristic that must be evaluated.

Keywords: agricultural soil microcosms – chlorpyrifos tolerance – culturable fungi

 

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Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology) publishes reviews, research articles and methodology papers and articles in environmental and appied mycology. The official journal language is English.

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